Nalanda University was one of the universities in. the world नालंदा विश्वविद्यालय दुनिया के पहले विश्वविद्यालयों में से एक था,History and Revival - Nalanda University - Nalanda University . about-nalanda › history-and-revival.

Nalanda University. was one of the  universities in the world.नालंदा विश्वविद्यालय दुनिया के पहले विश्वविद्यालयों में से एक था

Naalanda (hindee / sanskrt / paalee: naalanda) bhaarat mein uchch shiksha ke praacheen kendr ka naam hai. Naalanda ka sthaan bhaarat ke bihaar raajy mein sthit hai, jo patana se lagabhag 55 meel dakshin poorv mein hai, aur 427 se 1197 eesvee tak seekhane ka ek bauddh kendr tha. Ise rikord kie gae itihaas ke pahale mahaan vishvavidyaalayon mein se ek kaha jaata hai. kuchh imaaraton ka nirmaan maury samraat ashok mahaan (arthaat raaja ashok: 273-232 eesa poorv) dvaara kiya gaya tha, jo bauddh shiksha kendr naalanda kee praarambhik sthaapana ka ek sanket hai. da gupta saamraajy ne kuchh mathon ko bhee sanrakshan diya. Itihaasakaaron ke anusaar, naalanda gupt raaja aaakraadity (jise kumaaragupt ke naam se bhee jaana jaata hai, ke shaasanakaal 415-55) aur 1197 chai ke beech phala-phoola, jise harsh jaise bauddh samraaton ke sanrakshan ke saath-saath baad mein paal saamraajy ke baadashaahon ka samarthan mila. Is parisar ko laal eenton se banaaya gaya tha aur isake khandahar 14 hekteyar ke kshetr mein hain. Apane charam par, vishvavidyaalay ne vidvaanon aur chhaatron ko cheen, grees aur phaaras ke roop mein door se aakarshit kiya. naalanda ko 1193 mein turk muslim aakramanakaariyon dvaara bakhtiyaar khalajee dvaara barkhaast kar diya gaya tha, jo bhaarat mein bauddh dharm ke patan mein ek meel ka patthar tha. Naalanda vishvavidyaalay ka mahaan pustakaalay itana vishaal tha ki mugalon dvaara usamen aag lagaane, mathon ko tabaah karane aur nasht karane ke teen maheene baad tak jalae jaane kee soochana hai, aur bhikshuon ko sthal se bhaga diya. 2006 mein, singaapur, bhaarat, jaapaan, cheen aur any deshon ne naalanda antarraashtreey vishvavidyaalay ke roop mein praacheen sthal ko bahaal karane aur punarjeevit karane ke lie ek prastaavit yojana kee ghoshana kee.

                      History इतिहास

Naalanda vishvavidyaalay duniya ke pahale vishvavidyaalayon mein se ek tha, jisakee sthaapana 5 veen shataabdee eesa poorv mein huee thee, aur yah unake jeevanakaal mein buddh dvaara daura kiya gaya tha. Apane charam par, 7 veen shataabdee eesvee mein, naalanda mein cheenee vidvaan juaanazaing dvaara daura kie jaane par kuchh 10,000 chhaatron aur 2000 shikshakon ko rakha gaya tha. Aitihaasik adhyayanon se sanket milata hai ki naalanda vishvavidyaalay kee sthaapana gupt samraat kumaaragupt ke shaasanakaal ke dauraan kee gaee thee. Xuanzang aur pragyavarman donon use sansthaapak ke roop mein uddhrt karate hain, jaisa ki sait par khojee gaee ek muhar hai.  

Jaisa ki itihaasakaar sukumaar datt isaka varnan karate hain, naalanda vishvavidyaalay ka itihaas "do mukhy vibhaajanon mein aata hai- pahala, vikaas, vikaas aur chhathee shataabdee se nauveen shataabdee tak, jab yah gupt yug se viraasat mein milee udaar saanskrtik paramparaon ka varchasv tha. ; doosara, nauveen shataabdee se terahaveen ke kramik patan aur antim vighatan mein se ek - ek avadhi jab bauddh dharm ka taantrik vikaas poorvee bhaarat mein sabase adhik spasht ho gaya.

           

                      Libraries

Naalanda ka pustakaalay, jise dharm gunj (saty ka parvat) ya dharmaganj (saty ka khajaana) ke roop mein jaana jaata hai, us samay duniya mein bauddh gyaan ka sabase prasiddh bhandaar tha. Isake sangrah mein saikadon hajaaron kee sankhya mein samaahit karane ke lie kaha gaya tha, itana vyaapak ki yah muslim aakramanakaariyon dvaara ullikhit kie jaane par maheenon tak jalata raha. Pustakaalay mein teen mukhy imaaraten theen, jinamen nau kahaaniyaan oonchee theen, ratnasaagar (jvels ka saagar), ratnodadhi (gahanon ka mahaasaagar)

           Curriculum पाठ्यक्रम

Seekhane, bauddh aur hindoo, pavitr aur dharmanirapeksh, videshee aur deshee ke har kshetr se paathyakram taiyaar kie gae the. Chhaatron ne vigyaan, khagol vigyaan, chikitsa aur tark ka gahan adhyayan kiya kyonki unhonne khud ko tatvameemaansa, darshan, saankhy, yog-shaastr, ved aur bauddh dharm ke shaastron mein laagoo kiya. Unhonne isee tarah videshee darshan ka adhyayan kiya.

                   Ruins खंडहर

Kaee khandahar sanrachanaen bachee hain. Nikat hee soory mandir hai, jo ek hindoo mandir hai. gyaat aur khudaee kie gae khandahar lagabhag 150,000 varg meetar ke kshetr mein phaile hue hain, haalaanki agar naalanda ke zuaanazaings khaate ko vartamaan khudaee ke saath sahasambaddh kiya jaata hai, to isaka lagabhag 90% hissa aprakaashit rahata hai. Naalanda ab aabaad nahin hai. aaj nikatatam bastee badagaanv naamak ek gaanv hai.

1951 mein, paalee (theravaadin) ke lie ek aadhunik kendr bauddh adhyayanon kee sthaapana bhikshu jagadeesh kashyap, naveen naalanda mahaavihaar dvaara kee gaee thee. Vartamaan mein, yah sansthaan poore kshetr ke upagrah imejing ke mahatvaakaankshee kaaryakram ko aage badha raha hai.

              Description विवरण

Naalanda duniya ke pahale aavaaseey vishvavidyaalayon mein se ek tha, yaanee, isamen chhaatron ke lie chhaatraavaas the. yah sabase prasiddh vishvavidyaalayon mein se ek bhee hai. Apane sunahare dinon mein isamen 10,000 se adhik chhaatr aur 2,000 shikshak shaamil the. Vishvavidyaalay ko ek vaastushilp krti maana jaata tha, aur ek bhavy deevaar aur ek get dvaara chihnit kiya gaya tha. naalanda mein aath alag-alag parisar aur das mandir the, saath hee kaee any dhyaan hol aur kakshaen bhee theen. Maidaan mein jheelen aur paark the. Pustakaalay ek nau manjila imaarat mein sthit tha jahaan granthon kee saavadhaaneepoorvak pratiyaan taiyaar kee jaatee theen. Naalanda vishvavidyaalay mein padhae jaane vaale vishayon ne seekhane ke har kshetr ko kavar kiya, aur isane koriya, jaapaan, cheen, tibbat, indoneshiya, phaaras aur turkee ke vidyaarthiyon aur vidvaanon ko aakarshit kiya. Harsh kee avadhi ke dauraan math ke paas anudaan ke roop mein die gae 200 gaanvon ke svaamitv kee soochana hai.

Taang raajavansh ke cheenee teerthayaatree xuanzang ne 7 veen shataabdee mein vishvavidyaalay ke vistrt lekhe chhod die. Xuanzang ne bataaya ki kaise niyamit roop se bichhaee gaee meenaaren, mandapon, harikon aur mandiron ke jangal "aakaash mein jheelon ke oopar" lag rahe the taaki unakee koshikaon se bhikshuon "havaon aur baadalon ke janm ka gavaah ban saken." zuaanazaing kahata hai: “neela kamal ke poorn vikasit kapon se sajee mathon ke chaaron or ek neela pool havaen; pyaare kanak ke chamakadaar laal phool idhar-udhar latake rahate hain, aur aam ke pedon ke baaharee hisse nivaasiyon ko unakee ghanee aur surakshaatmak chhaaya pradaan karate hain.

Naalanda vishvavidyaalay ke khandaharon mein se kaee vihaaron ke pravesh ko dhanush chinhit pharsh ke saath dekha ja sakata hai; dhanush gupton ka shaahee chinh tha.