बांग्लादेश का इतिहास के बारे में , History of Bangladesh
बांग्लादेश का इतिहास के बारे में , History of Bangladesh
Aadhunik baanglaadesh 1971 mein baanglaadesh mukti yuddh mein paakistaan se alag hone aur svatantrata praapt karane ke baad ek svatantr raashtr ke roop mein ubhara. desh kee seemaen bhaarateey upamahaadveep ke poorvee bhaag mein bangaal ke praacheen aur aitihaasik kshetr ke pramukh hisse se mel khaatee hain, jahaan sabhyata chaar sahasraabdee se lekar chaalakolithik tak hai. kshetr ka itihaas bangaal ke itihaas aur bhaarateey upamahaadveep ke vyaapak itihaas ke saath ghanishth roop se juda hua hai.
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| history of bangladesh from 1947 to 1971,brief history |
Baanglaadesh ke praarambhik pralekhit itihaas mein kshetreey prabhutv ke lie mar rahe hindoo aur bauddh raajyon aur saamraajyon ke uttaraadhikaar ko darshaaya gaya hai.
6 veen -7 veen shataabdee eesvee ke dauraan islaam ka aagaman hua aur 13 veen shataabdee kee shuruaat mein muslim niyamon ke saath-saath sunnee mishanariyon jaise kshetr mein shaah jalaal ke aagaman ke baad se yah dheere-dheere prabhaavee ho gaya. Baad mein, muslim shaasakon ne masjidon ka nirmaan karake islaam ke prachaar kee shuruaat kee. 14 veen shataabdee ke baad se, yah bangaal saltanat dvaara shaasit tha, jisakee sthaapana raaja shamasuddeen iliyaas shaah ne kee thee, jisane kshetreey saamraajyon par desh kee aarthik samrddhi aur sainy prabhutv kee avadhi kee shuruaat kee, jise yooropeey logon dvaara vyaapaar ke lie sabase ameer desh ke roop mein sandarbhit kiya gaya tha. Saath. Baad mein, yah kshetr apane sabase dhanee praant ke roop mein mugal saamraajy ke adheen aa gaya. Bangaal subaah ne saamraajy ke sakal ghareloo utpaad ka lagabhag aadha hissa aur duniya ke sakal ghareloo utpaad ka 12%, pashchimee yoorop kee sampoornata se bada kiya, jo ki proto-audyogikeekaran kee avadhi mein shuroo hua. Raajadhaanee shahar, dhaaka kee aabaadee ek miliyan se adhik thee.
1700 ke dashak kee shuruaat mein mugal saamraajy ke patan ke baad, bangaal bangaal ke navaabon ke adheen ek ardh-svatantr raajy ban gaya, antatah siraaj ud-daula ke netrtv mein. baad mein ise 1757 mein plaasee kee ladaee mein british eest indiya kampanee dvaara jeet liya gaya. bangaal ne seedhe briten mein audyogik kraanti mein yogadaan diya, lekin isake vichalan ka kaaran bana.
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| history of bangladesh from 1947 to 1971,brief history of bangladesh, |
Agast 1947 mein bangaal aur bhaarat ke alag hone ke saath hee aadhunik baanglaadesh kee seemaon kee sthaapana huee, jab yah kshetr bhaarat ke vibhaajan kee seema ke baad paakistaan ke navagathit raajy ke ek hisse ke roop mein poorvee paakistaan ban gaya. haalaanki, yah bhaarateey kshetr ke 1,600 kimee (994 meel) pashchim paakistaan se alag ho gaya tha. baanglaadesh libareshan vor (bangaalee:yuddhij muktijuddho), jise baanglaadesh kee aazaadee ka yuddh bhee kaha jaata hai, ya sirf baanglaadesh mein libareshan vor tha, bangaalee samaajavaadee aur aatmanirnay ke aandolan se uthee kraanti aur sashastr sangharsh tha jo ki tha 1971 ke baanglaadesh narasanhaar ke dauraan tatkaaleen poorvee paakistaan.Isaka parinaam yah hua ki peepuls ripablik oph baanglaadesh ko svatantrata mil gaee. Svatantrata ke baad, nae raajy ne akaal, praakrtik aapadaon, aur vyaapak gareebee, saath hee raajaneetik uthal-puthal aur sainy takhtaapalat ko sahan kiya. 1991 mein lokatantr kee bahaalee ke baad saapeksh shaant aur tejee se aarthik pragati huee hai. baanglaadesh aaj vaishvik kapada udyog mein ek pramukh nirmaata hai.
पूर्व-ऐतिहासिक बंगाल Pre-historic bengal
Oksaphord histree oph indiya spasht roop se daava karata hai ki teesaree shataabdee eesa poorv se pahale bangaal ke baare mein koee nishchit jaanakaaree nahin hai. aisa maana jaata hai ki bangaal mein vanga naamak logon sahit indo-aaryan, dravidon aur mongolo ke aandolan the.
Bangaal delta kaee sahasraabdiyon ke lie ghane jangalon aur aardrabhoomi se bana tha. Is bhoogol ka ek pramukh hissa aitihaasik kaal tak chala. maanav gatividhi ke kaaran jangal ka nukasaan hua tha. Bangaal mein praarambhik maanav upasthiti thee. Lekin bangaal mein pahalee maanav gatividhi ke samay seema ke lie koee sahamati nahin hai aur na hee bahut saare avashesh hain. ek drshy mein kaha gaya hai ki 60,000 saal pahale manushy cheen se bangaal mein pravesh karata tha. Ek any drshtikon ka daava hai ki ek vishisht kshetreey sanskrti 100,000 saal pahale ubharee thee. kshetr mein ek praagaitihaasik maanav upasthiti ke lie kamajor saakshy hain. Navapaashaan aur chaalakolithik yugon ke dauraan maanav kee maujoodagee ke pramaan maujood hain.Yah nadiyon ke paathyakramon mein badalaav ke kaaran ho sakata hai. Bangaalee jalavaayu aur bhoogol moort puraataatvik avasheshon ke lie upayukt nahin hai. Pattharon kee kamee ke kaaran bangaal mein praarambhik maanav shaayad lakadee aur baans jaisee saamagriyon ka upayog karate the jo paryaavaran mein jeevit nahin rah sakate the. Dakshin eshiyaee puraatatvavidon ne upamahaadveep ke any hisson par dhyaan kendrit kiya hai. Bangaal mein ruchi rakhane vaale puraatatvavidon ne haal ke itihaas par dhyaan kendrit kiya hai.
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| history of bangladesh from 1947 to 1971,brief history of bangladesh |
Baanglaadesh mein kaee puraataatvik utkhanan se bhaarateey upamahaadveep ke uttaree blaik polishd veyar (nbpw ya nbp) sanskrti (700-200 eesa poorv) ke saakshy saamane aae, jo ek lauh yug kee sanskrti thee, jo lagabhag 700 eesa poorv mein vikasit huee aur ch se charam par pahunch gaee. 500-300 eesa poorv, uttaree bhaarat mein 16 mahaan raajyon ya mahaajanapadon ke uday aur maury saamraajy ke baad ke uday ke saath. Praacheen bhaarat ka poorvee bhaag, vartamaan dinon mein baanglaadesh ko kavar karata hua, aise mahaajanapadon mein se ek tha, jo praacheen raajy ang tha, jo eesa poorv 6 thee shataabdee mein vikasit hua tha. [satyaapan kee aavashyakata]
krshi kee saphalata ne paanchaveen shataabdee eesa poorv mein ek sthir sanskrti aur kasbon ke udbhav, kros-see vyaapaar aur shuruaatee raajaneeti ke lie jameen dee. puraatatvavidon ne vaaree-bateshvar mein ek bandaragaah ko ujaagar kiya hai jo praacheen rom aur dakshin poorv eshiya ke saath kaarobaar karata tha. puraatatvavidon ne vaaree-bateshvar mein sikka, mittee ke bartan, lohe kee kalaakrtiyaan, eenton vaalee sadak aur ek kile kee khoj kee hai. nishkarsh bataate hain ki yah kshetr ek mahatvapoorn prashaasanik kendr tha, jisamen loha galaane aur moolyavaan patthar ke motee jaise udyog the. sait mein mittee ke vyaapak upayog ko dikhaaya gaya hai. mittee, aur eenton ka upayog deevaaron ke nirmaan ke lie kiya jaata tha. Sabase prasiddh teraakota pattikaen, jo mittee dvaara banaee gaee hain, chandraketurgah aur prakrti aur saamaany jeevan ke drshyon ko darshaatee hain. Yuddh-bateshvar aur chandraketugadh mein naukaon ko chitrit karate hue khoja gaya praarambhik sikka. |
| history of bangladesh from 1947 to 1971,brief history of bangladesh, |
Chhaatravrtti mein ek pramukh vichaar yah hai ki maury aur gupt saamraajy bangaal ke adhikaansh hisson par adhikaar rakhate the. jo adhoore saakshy maujood hain, ve bataate hain ki poorvee kshetron ke bajaay bangaal ke pashchimee bade saamraajyon ke hisse the. [2 z] bangaal mein praacheen kshetr bhaageerathee-hugalee besin, harikela, samata, vanga aur veerendr the. [2 is] vanga ko madhy bangaal, harikela aur samita ko spasht roop se bangaal ka poorvee kshetr maana jaata tha aur veerendr uttaree bangaal tha. Saiton ke naam mein ullekh kiya gaya hai ki tibeto-barman, ostro-eshiyaatik aur dravidiyan bhaashaen adhikaansh logon dvaara bolee jaatee theen. indo-yooropeey bhaashaen 400 eesa poorv se pramukh ho gaeen.
Achchhee tarah se vikasit kasbe taamralipti, mahaasthaan aur mainamaatee jaise 300 eesa poorv mein ubhare the. Samundar ke kinaare ke bajaay, mukhy shahar nadiyon ke kinaare ugate hain. Mahaasthaan mein baanglaadesh mein ek patthar ka shilaalekh likha gaya hai. yah ingit karata hai ki yah sthal maury saamraajy ka ek mahatvapoorn shahar tha. maana jaata hai ki mahaasthaan tab ek praanteey kendr tha. Praakrt mein, shilaalekh, jaahira taur par ek aapaat sthiti ke lie aapoorti ko stok karane ke lie ek kamaand shaamil hai. shilaalekh Ko mahaasthaan braahmee shilaalekh kaha jaata hai. Bangaal maury saamraajy ka poorvee seemaant kshetr tha. pashchim bangaal ke apane bandaragaah ke saath taamralipti ne mauryon ke adheen mahatv praapt kiya.
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