Ashoka was an Indian emperor of the great Maurya dynasty.
अशोक महान, मौर्य राजवंश के एक भारतीय सम्राट थे ashok mahaan maury vansh ka ek bhaarateey samraat tha.
Ashok kabhee-kabhee ashok mahaan, maury raajavansh ke ek bhaarateey samraat the, jinhonne lagabhag sabhee bhaarateey upamahaadveep ko ga se liya tha. 268 se 232 ee.poo. Maury vansh ke sansthaapak ke pote, chandragupt maury, ashok ne praacheen eshiya mein bauddh dharm ke prasaar ko badhaava diya. bhaarat ke sabase mahaan samraaton mein se ek maana jaata hai, ashok ne chandragupt ke saamraajy ka vistaar kiya, jo vartamaan mein pashchim mein vartamaan aphagaanistaan se lekar poorv mein baanglaadesh tak phaila hua tha. Isane vartamaan tamilanaadu, karnaatak aur keral ke kuchh hisson ko chhodakar poore bhaarateey upamahaadveep ko kavar kiya. saamraajy kee raajadhaanee paataleeputr (magadh, vartamaan patana) mein takshashila aur ujjain mein praanteey raajadhaaniyon ke saath thee.
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| Ashoka was an Indian emperor of the great Maurya dynasty. |
Ashok ne kaling raajy (aadhunik odisha) ke khilaaph ek vinaashakaaree yuddh chheda, jis par usane lagabhag 260 eesa poorv mein vijay praapt kee thee. lagabhag 263 eesa poorv mein, vah kaling yuddh kee vyaapak mauton ke saakshee banane ke baad bauddh dharm mein parivartit ho gae, [witnaiss], jo unhonne vijay kee ichchha se kiya tha aur jisake parinaamasvaroop 1,00,000 se adhik mrtyu aur 15000 nirvaasan hue. unhen ashok stambhon aur moortiyon ke lie, shreelanka aur madhy eshiya mein bauddh bhikshuon ko bhejane ke lie, aur gautam buddh ke jeevan mein kaee mahatvapoorn sthalon ko chihnit karane vaale smaarakon mein sudhaar ke lie yaad kiya jaata hai.
Da aautalain oph histree (1920) mein, echajee vels ne likha, "itihaas ke stambhon, unakee raajasee aur anugrah aur seeriyalon aur shaahee uchchataon aur isee tarah, ashok kee chamak ke naam par bheed ke dasiyon naamon ke beech, chamakata hai, lagabhag akela, ek sitaara. "
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| Ashoka was an Indian emperor of the great Maurya dynasty. |
Ashok ke sampaadakon ke alaava, unake baare mein jeevanee sambandhee jaanakaaree sadiyon baad likhee gaee kinvadantiyon par nirbhar karatee hai, jaise ki doosaree sadee ke ashokavadana ("ashok ka varnan", divyavadana ka ek hissa), aur shreelankaee paath mahaavamasa mein ("mahaan kronikal) ""). bhaarat ke aadhunik ganaraajy ka prateek ashok kee sher raajadhaanee ka ek roopaantar hai. usaka sanskrt naam "aoka" ka arth hai "dard rahit, duhkh ke bina" (ek nijeekaran aur ashoka, "dard, sankat"). unake sampaadakon mein, unhen devanaapriya (paalee devanaapiya ya "devataon ka priy"), aur priyadarshan (paalee piyaadaasee ya "vah jo sabhee ke saath sneh karate hain") ke naam se jaana jaata hai. saraka asoka ped ke lie unake naam ka unaka shauk. ya "ashok vrksh", ko ashokavadana mein bhee sandarbhit kiya jaata hai.
jaanakaaree ka srot
Ashok ke baare mein jaanakaaree usake svayan ke shilaalekhon se milatee hai; any shilaalekh jo unaka ullekh karate hain ya sambhavatah unake shaasanakaal se hain; aur praacheen saahity, visheshakar bauddh granth. Ye srot aksar ek doosare ke vipareet hote hain, haalaanki vibhinn itihaasakaaron ne unakee gavaahee ko sahasambaddh karane ka prayaas kiya hai.
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| Ashoka was an Indian emperor of the great Maurya dynasty. |
Ashok ke svayan ke shilaalekh bhaarateey upamahaadveep mein ek shaahee shakti ke shuruaatee sv-pratinidhitv hain. Haalaanki, ye shilaalekh mukhy roop se dhamm ke vishay par kendrit hain, aur maury raajy aur samaaj ke any pahaluon ke baare mein bahut kam jaanakaaree pradaan karate hain. Dhamm ke vishay par bhee, in shilaalekhon kee saamagree ko ankit mooly par nahin liya ja sakata hai: amerikee akaadamik jon es. Strong ke shabdon mein, ashok ke sandeshon ko ek raajaneta dvaara prachaar ke roop mein sochana kabhee-kabhee upayogee hota hai jisaka uddeshy hai rikord aitihaasik tathyon ke bajaay, apane aur apane prashaasan kee ek anukool chhavi prastut karen.
Kaee any shilaalekh bhee ashok ke baare mein kuchh jaanakaaree pradaan karate hain. Udaaharan ke lie, vah doosaree shataabdee mein rudradaaman ke joonaagadh rok shilaalekh mein ek ullekh paate hain. Sarakaip mein khoje gae ek shilaalekh mein "priy" ke saath ek khoe hue shabd ka ullekh kiya gaya hai, jise ashok kee upaadhi "priyadarshee" ke roop mein vargeekrt kiya gaya hai, haalaanki yah nishchit nahin hai. Kuchh any shilaalekh, jaise ki sohagaura taambe kee plet shilaalekh, ko vidvaanon ke ek varg dvaara ashok ke kaal mein asthaayee roop se dinaankit kiya gaya hai, haalaanki yah doosaron dvaara chunaav lada gaya hai.
bauddh kathaen
Ashok ke baare mein bauddh kinvadantiyaan kaee bhaashaon mein maujood hain, jinamen sanskrt, paalee, tibbatee, cheenee, barmee, sinhal, thaee, lao aur khotaanee shaamil hain. in sabhee kinvadantiyon ka pata do praathamik paramparaon se lagaaya ja sakata hai:
Ashok ke baare mein adhikaansh jaanakaaree bauddh kinvadantiyon se milatee hai, jo use ek mahaan, aadarsh raaja ke roop mein prastut karate hain. Ye kinvadantiyaan un granthon mein dikhaee detee hain jo ashok ke samakaaleen nahin hain, aur bauddh lekhakon dvaara rache gae the, jinhonne ashok par apane vishvaas ke prabhaav ko spasht karane ke lie vibhinn kahaaniyon ka upayog kiya tha. yah aitihaasik jaanakaaree ke lie un par bharosa karate hue saavadhaanee baratane ke lie aavashyak hai. Aadhunik vidvaanon ke beech, in kinvadantiyon ko mithya maanane se lekar aitihaasik roop se bhinn prateet hone vaale aitihaasik anshon ko sveekaar karane tak kee raay hai.  |
| Ashoka was an Indian emperor of the great Maurya dynasty. |
Nyoomizamaatik, moortikala aur puraataatvik saakshy ashok par shodh ke poorak hain. Ashok ka naam vibhinn puraanon mein maury raajaon kee soochiyon mein dikhaee deta hai, lekin ye granth unake baare mein adhik jaanakaaree pradaan nahin karate hain, kyonki unake braahmanavaadee lekhakon ko mauryon dvaara sanrakshan nahin diya gaya tha.Megasthaneej ke arthashaastree aur indika jaise any granth, jo maury kaal ke baare mein saamaany jaanakaaree pradaan karate hain, ka upayog ashok ke shaasanakaal ke baare mein jaanakaaree dene ke lie bhee kiya ja sakata hai. Haalaanki, arthashaastree ek maanak paath hai jo ek aitihaasik raajy ke bajaay ek aadarsh par kendrit hai, aur maury kaal ke lie isakee deting bahas ka vishay hai. indika ek khoya hua kaam hai, aur isake kuchh hisse baad ke lekhan mein pairaaphreej ke roop mein jeevit rahate hain.
12 veen sadee ke raajataranginee mein gonandiya raajavansh ke ek kashmeeree raaja ashok ka ullekh hai, jinhonne kaee stoopon ka nirmaan kiya: kuchh vidvaan, jaise ki orel steen, ne is raaja kee pahachaan maury raaja ashok se kee hai; any log, jaise aanand dablyoo. pee. gurung ne is pahachaan ko galat bataaya.
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